A higher ISO like 1600 or 3200 makes the sensor more sensitive to light, allowing for faster shutter speeds and wider apertures in low-light conditions, but may introduce digital noise or grain into the image.

A lower ISO like 100 results in a less sensitive sensor and finer image quality, suitable for well-lit conditions. It is a numerical value, often starting at 100 and doubling (200, 400, 800, etc.), that indicates how quickly the sensor gathers light. ISO: refers to the sensitivity of the cameraa's image sensor to light.Faster shutter speeds like 1/1000s freeze fast-moving subjects, while slower speeds like 1s create motion blur or allow for low-light photography. Measured in seconds or fractions of a second (e.g., 1/200, 1/50, 1', 30'), shutter speed controls both the amount of light hitting the sensor and the ability to freeze or blur motion. Shutter speed: refers to the length of time the camera's shutter remains open to expose the image sensor to light.The aperture setting is one of the three main elements, along with shutter speed and ISO, that determine the exposure of a photograph. A higher f-number indicates a smaller aperture, letting in less light but providing a greater depth of field, meaning more of the scene will be in focus. A lower f-number corresponds to a wider aperture, allowing more light to enter, which is useful in low-light situations and for achieving a shallow depth of field. It is expressed as an f-number, such as f/1.8, f/4, or f/16. Aperture (F number): refers to the size of the opening in the lens through which light passes to hit the image sensor.The focal length is usually measured in millimeters and plays a critical role in determining the angle of view, magnification, and depth of field for an image. Focal length: refers to the distance between the optical center of a lens and the image sensor when the lens is focused at infinity.NOTE: many older lenses do not report their model to the camera, so this field can be empty. Lens: the lens model used to capture the image, for example: Sony Sonnar T* FE 55mm f/1.8 ZA.NOTE: some camera model identifiers stored in EXIF will differ from the official name, for example, Sony A7 III in EXIF is stored as ILCE-7M3. Camera model: the exact model of the camera used to take the picture, for example Leica Q2, Nikon Z8.Camera make: the manufacturer of the camera used to take the photo, for example, Canon, Nikon, Sony, Leica.EXIF (Exchangeable image file format) is metadata embedded in digital images and other media files, providing detailed information about the file's properties.

Jeffreys exif data viewer